What is terpenes?

Terpenes are all around us. The sour smell of lemon, the fresh scent of pine needles, the chemical tones of diesel fuel, and many others depend on these compounds.

Terpenes give plants their original flavor, and hemp is no exception. The unique tastes and smells of your favorite varieties come from a certain combination of terpenes.

These are natural hydrocarbons found in the essential oils of plants. The odors they create repel pests and also attract beneficial insects to carry pollen. Terpenes also protect plants from herbivorous animals, microbial diseases, and ultraviolet light.

Cannabinoids such as THC and CBD affect human body processes by interacting with the endocannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors located in the peripheral and central nervous system. Interactions with these receptors affect homeostasis small changes to maintain a stable internal body environment. Terpenes also bind to CB1 and CB2, altering the action of cannabinoids in relation to them. This causes many unique effects and sensations.

Where the terpenes are found?

In cannabis, terpenes are produced by the same glands that produce CBD and THC. Terpenes have been found to play an important role in what the effects of each individual strain will be. Even if two strains have the same levels of THC and CBD, their effects on the human body can differ significantly.

While almost all plants contain terpenes, some of the most common sources include:

• hemp

• aromatic herbs such as sage and thyme

• citrus fruits

They have also been found in animals, mostly found in egg yolks, fish scales and feathers.

Action of terpenes

We value terpenes for their therapeutic and aromatic properties. They are found in the spices, teas, and essential oils we use every day. Two of these spices are curcumin and thyme. Curcumin is a very popular spice in Indian dishes. It boasts a wide range of therapeutic properties, but is best known as an anti-inflammatory and pain reliever. Thyme is another spice that is commonly used in our cuisine. It therapeutically has both antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Herbal drinks that we drink because of their pronounced tonic or relaxing effects include green tea, rooibos, and turmeric. The terpenes in these teas are known for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and calming properties.

Cannabis plants produce about 200 different terpenes, and each variety contains different amounts of each. Like the main chemicals in cannabis, terpenes have different therapeutic effects, including analgesic, sedative, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Terpenes do not cause psychoactive effects like THC. However, they work in a more subtle way, altering mood through interactions with the serotonin and dopamine systems. These molecules also affect the high created by cannabinoids by noticeably “tweaking” it. For example, limonene creates a refreshing and stimulating feeling. In contrast, myrcene provides a more relaxing and sedative effect.

Studies show that limonene can also enhance the antioxidant effects of THC, while linalool enhances the myorelaxant properties of cannabinoids. Likewise, linalool enhances the ability of CBD to reduce feelings of nervousness.

Main primary terpenes

Myrcene – be prepared if you are using a marijuana strain with a high content of this substance. It is known for its pronounced sedative and relaxing properties, and can synergize with all indica varieties, enhancing their stone effect.

Another fundamental property of myrcene is the ability to enhance absorption through the skin, as well as increase the amount of cannabinoid substances in the brain. More cannabinoids in the brain give the user a feeling of euphoria. However, there is no reliable data on its effect on the permeability of cell membranes, especially the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The smell is earthy, clove. Marijuana varieties with this patience are OG Kush, Girl Scout Cookies and Grape Ape. Myrcene is also a part of hops, the main component of beer.

Limonene is the second most common terpene after myrcene that we find in marijuana. As the name suggests, it has a strong citrus smell. Can easily cross the blood-brain barrier. It is believed to help increase mental focus and attention, as well as improve our overall well-being. Its energizing properties help reduce anxiety and depression. This compound is found in strains such as Wedding Cake and Lemon Skunk.

Pinene. This compound is usually derived from the resin of pine trees, which has a bright, coniferous aroma. Like trees and other plants, it also has an earthy undertone. In therapeutic purposes, it can be used as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and bronchodilator. Haze Berry, OG Kush, and Blue Dream tend to contain higher amounts of these hydrocarbons.

Humulene adds woody, earthy, and spicy notes. Found in high amounts in hops, which are used to make wonderful spruce. In addition to its incredible taste, humulene has a calming effect and is also used as an anti-inflammatory. It can be found in strains such as Gelato and Sour Diesel.

Caryophyllene is responsible for the spicy aroma often found in herbs and spices such as black pepper. It is known as a strong topical anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antifungal agent.

Ocimene and guaiol - give cannabis strains a sweet, woody, and pine-like smell. Despite the similar nature of these terpenes, research into their unique effects is still lacking.

Linalool is reminiscent of fresh flowers. It produces a floral-lavender scent with a hint of spice. It has a sedative and calming effect, used to treat nervousness and anxiety. It is believed to have analgesic and anti-epileptic properties.

Major secondary terpenes

Borneol - This terpene has a minty aroma and taste with an unusual metallic tint. It is used as an anti-inflammatory and pain reliever. You can find borneol in such cannabis varieties as Golden Haze and Amnesia Haze.

Terpineol has the smell of linden flowers, as well as a pleasant lilac aroma. It is often used to make perfumes and cosmetics. One of the terpenes with a calming and relaxing effect.

Phytol creates fresh herbal shades and causes a feeling of relaxation. Often used for its sedative, anti-inflammatory and calming properties. This terpene can be found in the base tones of Sour Diesel, Blue Dream and Cheese.

Eucalyptus. The aroma of this terpene is menthol, minty, cooling. It has both antibacterial and antifungal properties. It is a secondary component of marijuana varieties such as Girl Scout Cookies and Headband.

Sabinene - Although not one of the most common cannabis terpenes, it has a unique peppery or spicy smell. Many users say it smells like pumpkin pie. It has antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Can be found in the cannabis strain Super Silver Haze.